목포 국가유산야행

8. Kyungdong Catholic Church, Mokpo Kyungdong Catholic Church was designated as Mokpo’s Local Heritage No. 22 in 2012 and is very close to the Oriental Development Company Mokpo Branch. Constructed in 1953, Kyungdong Catholic Church carried out a remodeling project in 1966 due to a ground subsidence of the front of the building and was newly renovated to the appearance we see today. However, all of the other sections have remained the same since the time of the original construction. The first priest of this church was Father Kim Seong-hwan Victorio. He was the first one to introduce Legio Mariae to the Korean church in 1953, and organized “Praesidium, Refuge of Sinners.” Legio Mariae, or the Legion of Mary, is a church-authorized organization of believers that was formed to actively participate in the church's ceaseless fight against evil forces. Members of the organization are said to have actively engaged in visiting the believers’ homes as well as in carrying out missionary work since the beginning.

Mokpo Modern History Museum I and II Mokpo Modern History Museum, located in Yudal-dong, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, is the oldest building in Mokpo and was built as a consulate after Mokpo Port opened in 1897 and the Mokpo Japanese Consulate was established in 1898. Before 2014, the building of the Oriental Development Company Mokpo Branch was the main building but, now, the old Mokpo Japanese Consulate, which is located not too far from the Oriental Development Company Mokpo Branch building, is used as the main building. The style of the building is neoclassicism and it still preserves much of the appearance of the time it was constructed so it has a high historical and architectural value related to the opening of Mokpo port. Because of this, it was designated and is managed as National Historic Site No. 289. The site on which Modern History Museum II is located was where the Oriental Development Company existed during the Japanese occupation period and, also, where the Military Police of the Mokpo 3rd Naval Sector Command was stationed during the May 18 Democratization Movement in 1980. Chun Doo-hwan’s New Military Regime, who had suppressed the resistance by military force, later made arrests of many involved in the democratization movement. Important figures of the movement in the Mokpo area who were arrested were detained here in the guardhouse of the Military Police after being forced to confess through beatings and tortures at the Mokpo branch of the security forces. The museum exhibits symbolic materials related to the opening of Mokpo Port, the history of modern Joseon and the Japanese’ false ambition and exploitation during the occupation period as well as a vault used by the Oriental Development Company. The second floor is also used as an exhibition hall. Mostly, photo exhibits of materials from the modern era are planned and displayed.

6. Seongok Memorial Hall and Lee Hun-dong Garden Situated at the foot of Yudalsan Mountain in Mokpo, Seongok Memorial Hall is a cultural space established in 2004 by the children of Mr. Seongok Lee Hun-dong, the founder of Joseon Naehwa and the publisher of Chonnam Ilbo, in commemoration of Mr. Lee. The memorial exhibits not only potteries but also the works and Korean paintings of contemporary calligraphy masters that Seongok had diligently collected all his life. In the exhibition room, visitors may enjoy over 80 pieces of artworks including the landscape painting plaque of Gongjae Yun Duseo, Yeseo Igokbyeong of Chusa Gim Jeong-hui, Mukrando Sipgokbyeong of Seokpa Yi Ha-eung, Palgok Baeknapbyeong of Uijae Heo Baek-ryeon, and a landscape scroll of Liu Songnian, a painter from the Southern Song Dynasty in China. In addition, Buncheong ware kettles, long-necked jars, white porcelain lamp support and many other earthenwares are on display. Today, the memorial serves as an artistic and cultural shelter for both Mokpo locals and tourists who visit the city. Lee Hun-dong Garden is a Japanese-style garden established by a Japanese person (Uchidani Manppei) in the 1930s. After the Liberation, a congressman from Haenam named Park Gi-bae owned the facility and, later, it was purchased by Lee Hun-dong in the 1950s who still owns it today. Though there have been slight changes over the 60 years, the characteristics of a Japanese garden are still well preserved. Inside the building that boasts a smooth appearance, contemporary artworks collected by Mr. Lee and his children are on display. The largest private garden in the Honam region, it consists of the entrance garden, an inner garden, a forest and stream garden and a back garden, and is famous as a filming site of the drama, Rustic Period. There are a five-story and a seven-story Japanese-style stone pagodas inside, and there are also a greater number of Japanese plant species. However, the garden itself was built in the Korean Seowon style, and a narrow stream is made to flow through the woods.

5. National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point Monument The National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point Monument is located on the right side of the path leading up to Mokpo Modern History Museum I. Mokpo is the starting point of Route 1, which is the first-ever modern road network of Korea. Route 1, which began its construction in 1906 and opened in 1911, is a 939.1km section that runs from Mokpo to Sinuiju in P'yonganbuk-do Province, North Korea. In commemoration of the route, there is a monument standing next to Yudalsan Post Office. When Mokpodaegyo Bridge was opened in 2012, the starting point of Route 1 was changed to Gohado Island in Chungmu-dong, the last stop on Mokpodaegyo, in 2013 and the length also increased to 943.37km. As a result, the city of Mokpo revised the existing monument that said, “National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point”, to “National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point Monument”. Behind the monument, you see a red building that had long been used as the Japanese consulate. It was first constructed in 1897 when the Mokpo Port opened. As international relations between Korea and Japan changed over time, the purpose of the building also changed to Mokpo City Hall and Mokpo City Library. For its architectural value and historical significance when considered together with the opening of Mokpo Port, it was designated as a National Historic Site in 1981. If you wish to check out the starting point of the national route and port of Mokpo, you can stop by the National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point Monument. Guide on the change of the National Route 1 and 2 Starting Point The starting point of National Route 1 and 2 was changed as follows, and it has been decided that the word 'Monument' is to be engraved in the sign stone installed here; marking the starting point to commemorate the beginning of National Route 1 and 2 forever. Change of Route 1 starting point (February 28, 2013) 11-beonji, Daeui-dong 2-ga, Mokpo→Dal-dong, Mokpo (Gohado) Change of Route 2 starting point (August 25, 2001) 11-beonji, Daeui-dong 2-ga, Mokpo→Jangsan-myeon, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do May 1, 2013 Mayor of Mokpo

12. Dongbonwonsa Temple, Mokpo (Ogeori Culture Center) Ogeori Culture Center used to be known as Dongbonwonsa. The building was first established as the Mokpo Branch of Dongbonwonsa, which was the first-ever Japanese Buddhist temple built in Mokpo after the opening of the port in 1897. Its official name is “Jinjong Daegokpa Dongbonwonsa.” The Dongbonwonsa Mokpo Branch was constructed in 1898, and was authorized to establish Mokpo Simsang High School. For some time, it was also operated officially as a primary school for Japanese students, the first of its kind in Mokpo. Initially, a mission was installed close to the Japanese consulate site near the open port, and was relocated to the current location in 1904.. Though this was somewhat away from the open port area where the Japanese people lived at the time, it was located on the border between the Joseon and Japanese districts, which made it a great location for a temple to be built in. It was controlled by Jeong Gwang-san after the Liberation and, starting in 1957, it was used as the Mokpo Jungang Church, which makes it unique in the sense that it is a church that turned into a temple. Mokpo Jungang Church was a place where conscientious religious leaders who were concerned about the country's situation frequently met since the days of the Yusin Dictatorship. During the period of the May 18 Democratization Movement, the church constantly hosted leadership meetings for the Democratization Protest Committee of the Mokpo citizens. Protestant leaders gathered here to denounce the new military regime of Chun Doo-hwan that had committed the Gwangju massacre and adopt the resolution asserting, “The cost of blood cannot be bought on credit. Chun Doo-hwan shall resign immediately.” This was a turning point for many of the Protestant clergymen in Mokpo to join the democratization movement after the 25th. It became Registered Cultural Heritage No. 340 in 2007 and, since 2010, it changed its name to Ogeori Culture Center to be utilized as a place for various cultural events and exhibits. In the front yard of the building, you can find a monument letting the visitors know that it is a historical site related to the May 18 Democratization Movement.